Teaching Resources | Feminist Theory and Activism Resource Listing

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Some Suggested Key Texts

Alexander, MJ and Mohanty CT , 1996. Feminist Genealogies, Colonial Legacies, Democratic Futures. New York : Routledge

Arnfred S, 2001. Questions of Power: Women's Movements, Feminist Theory and Development Aid in Sisak A (ed) Discussing Women's Empowerment. Stockholm : Sida Studies No 3

Basu A 1995 The Challenge of Local Feminisms: Women's Movements in Global Perspective. Boulder : Westview Press.

Basu A 1995 Women's Movements in Global Perspective. Boulder : Westview Press.

Basu A 1996 ‘The Challenge of Local Feminisms: Women's Movements in A Global Perspective' in The Journal of Asian Studies, 55 (1), pp: 122.

Jayawardena K 1986 Feminism and Nationalism in the Third World London : ZED

Molyneux M 1985. “Mobilisation without emancipation? Women's interests, the sate and revolution in Nicaragua .” Feminist Issues, 11(2); pp: 227-253.

Molyneux M 1998 ‘Analysing Women's Movements' in Development and Change, 29 (2), pp219.

Morgan R 1984 Sisterhood is Global: The International Women's Movement Anthology. New York : Anchor Press.

Sen G and Crown C 1987 “Alternative Visions, Strategies and Struggles” in Sen G and Crown C (eds) Development, Crises and Alternative Visions: Third World Women's Perspectives. New York : New York Monthly Review Press.

Wieringa S (ed) 1995 Subversive Women: Women's Movements in Africa , Asia , Latin America and the Caribbean . New Delhi : Raj Press.

Continental Sources

AAWORD. 1982. "The Experience of the Association of African Women for Research and Development (AAWORD)." Development Dialogue, 1:2.

Acholonu, C. 1995. Motherism: The Afrocentric Alternative to Feminism. Owerri , Nigeria : Afa Publications.

Adayfio-Schandorf, E. and Kwafo-Akoto, K. 1990. Women in Ghana : An Annotated Bibliography. Distributed by ABC, London .

Aidoo, A. 1992. "The African Woman Today." Dissent, 39: 319-325.

Aina O 1998 “African Women at the Grassroots: The silent partners of the Women's Movement.” in Nnaemeka O (ed.). Sisterhood: Feminism and Power, from Africa to the Diaspora. Trenton : Africa World Press Inc, pp.: 65-88.

Alexander, MJ and Mohanty CT, 1996. Feminist Genealogies, Colonial Legacies, Democratic Futures. New York : Routledge

Al-Hassan, S. 1994. "The Role of Women in Politics in Ghana ", in Hassan, S. ed. Feminist Perspective Series Volume 2. Voices of Wisdom. Ottawa : MATCH International Centre.

Amadiume I 1995 “Gender, Political Systems and Social Movements: A West African Experience” in Mamdani M & Wamba-dia-Wamba E (eds.) African Studies in Social Movements and Democracy. Senegal : CODESRIA.

Amadiume, I. “Contemporary Women's Organisations, Contradictions and Irrelevance in the Struggle for Grassroots Participatory Democracy in Nigeria” a paper presented at the CODESRIA project on Social Movements, Social Transformation and the struggle for Democracy in Africa. 21-23 May 1990.

Amadiume, I. 1987. Afrikan Matriarchal Foundations: The Igbo Case. London : Karnak House.

Amadiume, I. 1990. Male Daughters, Female Husbands. London : Zed.

Ammar NH and Lababidy LS 1999 Women's Grassroots Movements and Democratization in Egypt in Bystydzienski JM and Sekhon J (eds) Democratization and Women's Grassroots Movements. Indiana : Indiana University Press.

Awe, B. and Mba, N. 1991. “Women's Research and Documentation Centre.” Signs: A Journal of Women in Culture Special Issue on African Women, 16, 3 (Summer): 859-864

Badran M. 1996. Feminists, Islam and Nation: Gender and the Making of Modern Egypt . Cairo : Cairo University Press

Bakri ZBE 1995 ‘The Crisis in the Sudanese Women's Movement' in Wieringa S (ed) Subversive Women: Women's Movements in Africa , Asia , Latin America and the Caribbean . New Delhi : Raj Press.

Barnes T and Win E,1992. To Live a Better Life: An Oral History of Women in Harare 1930 - 1970. Harare : Baobab

Barnes T, 1999. We Women Worked So Hard: Gender, Urbanisation and Social Reproduction in Colonial Harare , Zimbabwe , 1930 - 1956. Oxford : James Currey

Barnes T. 1991. Differential Class Experiences Amongst African Women in Colonial Harare , Zimbabwe 1935 – 1970. Paper presented at the conference: Women and Gender, University of Natal

Becker H 1995 Namibian Women's Movement: 1980-1992: From Anti-colonial resistance to Reconstruction. Frankfurt : IKO –Verlag fur Interkulturelle Komminikation.

Besha, R. M. 1994. African Women: Our Burdens and Struggles: Papers from an IFAA Residential Course. Johannesburg : Institute for African Alternatives.

Butegwa F 1995 Legal Rights Organising for Women in Africa : A Trainers Manual for Women in Law and Development in Africa . Harare : WiLDAF.

Catagay, N., Grown, C. and Santiago , A. 1986. "The Nairobi Women's Conference: Toward a Global Feminism?" Feminist Studies, 12, 2:401–412.

Cheryl Johnson-Odim and Nina Emma Mba, For Women and the Nation

Chigudu H 1997 “Establishing a Feminist Culture: The Experience of Zimbabwe Women's Resource Centre and Network.” Gender and Development, 5 (1), pp: 35-42.

Chigudu H 2002. Composing a New Song: Stories of Empowerment from Africa . London : The Common Wealth Foundation/Harare: Weaver Press

Clapham C 1985 “The Third World State” in Helm C (ed) Third World Politics: An Introduction. London : Billing and Sons.

Cutrufelli, M. R. 1983. Women of Africa : Roots of Oppression. London : Zed.

Datar C 1995 ‘Deterrents in Organizing Women Tobacco Workers in Nipani' in Wieringa S (ed) Subversive Women: Women's Movements in Africa , Asia , Latin America and the Caribbean , New Delhi : Raj Press.

Davies M. 1983 –1987. Third World – Second Sex: Women's Struggles and National Liberation: 3rd World Women Speak Out. London : Zed

Diana Fox, The Challenges of Women's Activism and Human Rights in Africa .

Dike C 1995. The Women's Revolt of 1929. Lagos : Nelag and Company Ltd

Dolphyne, F. A. 1991. The Emancipation of Women: An African Perspective. Accra : Ghana University Press.

Drew, A. 1995. "Female Consciousness and Feminism in Africa ." Theory and Society, 24, 1:1–33.

Eisen, A 1984 Women and Revolution in Vietnam . London : Zed.

El Saadawi, N. 1980. The Hidden Face of Eve: Women in the Arab World. London : Zed Press.

El-Baz 1997 “The Impact of Social and Economic Factors on Women' s Group Formation in Egypt ” in Chatty D and Rabo A (eds) Organising Women: Formal and Information

Evers Rosander E 1997 Transforming Female Identities: Women's Organisational Forms in Werst Africa. Uppsala : Nordiska Afrikainstitutet.

Fester G 1998 Merely Motherhood Perpetuating Patriarchy? Women's Organisations in the Western Cape, South Africa. Cape Town, Centre for African Studies.

Gakuo, M. 1985. "Kenyan Women's Situation and Strategies for Improvement." Women's Studies International Forum, 8, 4: 373-379.

Geiger S, 1998. TANU Women: Gender and Culture in the Making of Tanganyikan Nationalism. Oxford : James Currey

Getecha C & Chipika J. 1995. Zimbabwe Women's Voices. Harare : ZWRCN

Hasan DF, Adan AH and Warsame AM 1995 ‘ Somalia : Poetry as Resistance against Colonialism and Patriarchy' in Wieringa S (ed) Subversive Women: Women's Movements in Africa, Asia , Latin America and the Caribbean . New Delhi : Raj Press.

Hassim S. 1991. Gender, Social Location and Feminist Politics in South Africa in Transformation 15.

Hay, M. J. 1995. African Women South of the Sahara. Harlow, Essex: Longman Scientific and Technical.

Holness, M. 1984. "Angolan Women's Congress." Review of African Political Economy, 3, 2: 49-56.

Imam, A. 1991. "Women Should be Neither Seen nor Heard? Identity Politics and Women's Mobilization in Kano , Northern Nigeria ", in Moghaden, V. ed. Identity Politics and Women: Cultural Reassertions and Feminisms in International Perspective. London : Oxford University Press.

Jayawardena K 1986 Feminism and Nationalism in the Third World London : ZED

Kabira, W. and Nzioki, E. 1993. Celebrating Women's Resistance: A Case Study of the Women's Groups Movement in Kenya . University of Sussex : Institute of Development Studies Information Resource Unit.

Karram AM 1998 Women, Islamisms and the State: Contemporary Feminisms in Egypt . London : MacMillan Press.

Khalid TA 1995 ‘The State and the Sudanese Women's Union, 1971-1983: A Case Study in Wieringa S (ed) Subversive Women: Women's Movements in Africa , Asia , Latin America and the Caribbean . New Delhi : Raj Press.

Khasiani, S. and Njiro, E. 1993. The Women's Movement in Kenya . Nairobi : AAWORD.

Lazreg M, 1990. Gender and Politics in Algeria : Unravelling the Religious Paradigm, in Signs 15 (4) p 755 – 780.

Lazreg M, 1994. The Eloquence of Silence: Algerian Women in Question. New York : Routledge.

Lazreg, M. 1994. The Eloquence of Silence: Algerian Women in Question. London and New York : Routledge.

Leisure S 1999 ‘Exchanging Participation for Promises: Mobilization of Women in Eritrea ' in Bystydzienski JM and Sekhon J (eds) Democratization and Women's Grassroots Movements. Indiana : Indiana University Press.

Mama A, 1999. Dissenting Daughters: Gender Politics and Civil Society in a Militarised State in CODESRIA Bulletin 3 & 4.

Mama A. 2001. Bridging Legacies, Building Futures: Reflecting on African Women's Organising in the 21 st Century. A paper presented at the Centre for Gender and Organisations Conference: Chasms and Differences. Simmonds Centre, Boston .

Mama, A. 1995. Beyond the Masks: Race, Gender and Subjectivity. London and New York : Routledge.

Mamdani M & Wamba Dia Wamba E, 1995. African Studies in Social movements and Democracy. CODESRIA

Manuh T. 1991. Women and their Organisations During the CPP Period in Arhin K (ed). The Life and Work of Kwame Nkrumah. Accra : SEDCO.

Manuh T. 1993. Women, the State and Society under the PNDC in Gyimah-Boadi E (ed) Ghana Under PNDC Rule. Senegal : CODESRIA;

Mashinini, E 1989 Strikes Have Followed me all my Life:A South African Autobiography, Women's Press, London .

Mathasane, M. 1995. African Women: Three Generations. London : Hamilton.

Mba N. 1982. Nigerian Women Mobilized: Women's Political Activity in Southern Nigerian, 1900-1965. Berkeley : Institute of International Studies at the University of California in Berkeley.

Mba, N. 1982. Nigerian Women Mobilized. Institute of International Studies, University of California Berkeley.

McFadden P, 2000. The State of Feminism in Africa Today. Commentaries, Nordika Africa Institute 2.

Meena, R. Ed. 1992. Gender in Southern Africa : Conceptual and Theoretical Issues. Harare : SAPES Books.

Meintjies SM 1997 A Critical Perspective on Women and Feminism in South Africa . UWC. Bellvilee.

Mendell K Jobson M 1995 Women's Rights in South Africa : A Guide to National organisation with a Gender Focus. Pretoria . HRSC Publishers.

Mikell, G. "African Feminism: Toward a New Politics of Representation." Feminist Studies, 21, 2:405–424.

Moghadam VM 1998 The Women's Movement in the Middle East and North Africa : Responding to Restructuring and Fundamentalism in Women's Studies Quarterly, 26, 3-4,pp; 57-67.

Mugabi S, Munyati, T and Chengetayi C 1984 ‘ Zimbabwe : My Experience in The National Liberation Struggle' in Mies M and Reddock R National Liberation and Women's

Ngaiza, MK & Koda, B 1991 The Unsung Heroines, WRDP, Dar Es Salaam.

O'Barr, J. Ed. Perspectives on Power: Women in Africa , Asia and Latin America . Durham , NC : Duke University Centre for International Studies.

Obbo, C. 1980. African Women: Their Struggle for Economic Independence . London : Zed.

Oduyoye, M. A. 1995. Daughters of Anowa: African Women and Patriarchy. Maryknoll: Orbis Books.

Ogundipe-Leslie, M. 1985. "Women in Nigeria ," in Women in Nigeria . Editorial Committee. ed. Women in Nigeria Today. London : Zed.

Ogundipe-Leslie, M. 1994. Re-creating Ourselves: African Women and Critical Transformations. Trenton NJ : Africa World Press.

Ogunyemi, C. 1984. "Womanism: The Dynamics of the Contemporary Black Female Novel in English." Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society, 11, 1.

Organisation of Angolan Women 1984 Angolan Women building the Future: From National Liberation of Women's Emancipation. OMA/Zed, London.

Parpart J, Staudt K 1989 Women and the State in Africa Colorado : Lynne Reiner Publishers

Paton A 1986 Beyond the Present: The Story of Women for Peace. 1076-1986. Houghton. Brenthurst Press for Women for Peace.

Paul E 1993 “The Women's Movement and the Movement of Women” in Social Policy, 23 (4), pp: 44-51.

Ramazonoglu C 1997 ‘The Challenge of Local Feminisms: Women's Movements in Global Perspective' in Women's Studies International Forum', 20 (4), pp; 565.

Ray R and Kortenweg AC 1999 ‘Women's Movements in the Third World : Identity, Mobilzation and Autonomy in Annual Review of Sociology, 255, pp: 47-71.

REWA (Revolutionary Ethiopian Women's Association). 1982. Women in Ethiopia . Addis Ababa : REWA.

REWA. 1984. Ethiopia : Women in Revolution. Addis Ababa : REWA.

Roberts, P. 1984. "Feminism in Africa : Feminism and Africa ." Review of African Political Economy, 10, 27/28:175-184.

Russell, D. 1990. Lives of Courage: Women for a New South Africa . London : Virago.

Salihu A 1998 Gender Politics in WIN: Reflections on a Women's Movement 1982-1997. Cape Town : AGI.

Salo. E 1999. From WomAn to Women: Feminist Theory and the Diverse Identities of Sotuh African Feminists in Prah Kwesi Kwaa, Knowledge in Black and White: The Impact of Apratheid on the Production and reproduction of Knowledge. London : Routledge.

Schmidt E, 1992. Peasants, Traders and Wives: Shona Women in the History of Zimbabwe

Selassie, T. In Search of Ethiopian Women. London : CHANGE International Reports, Women and Society.

Sen G and Crown C 1987 “Alternative Visions, Strategies and Struggles” in Sen G and Crown C (eds) Development, Crises and Alternative Visions: Third World Women's Perspectives. New York : New York Monthly Review Press.

Sexwale, B. 1988. Preliminary Investigation into the Position of Women in the Southern African Region: Botswana , Mozambique , South Africa , Tanzania , Zambia , Zimbabwe . The Hague : HIVOS.

Simon RJ and Danzinger G 1991. Women's Movements in America : their Sucesses, Disappointmenst and Aspirations. Westport : Praeger.

Siu, B 1982 Women of China: Imperialism and Women's Resistance 1900-1949 Zed, London .

Sorensen A 1992 “Women's Organisations Among the Kipsigis: Change, Variety and Different Participation' in Africa , 62 (4), pp: 547-566.

Staunton I (ed), 1990. Mother's of the Revolution. Harare : Baobab Books

Steady, F. 1985. "African Women at the End of the Decade." Africa Report, 30 (March-April).

Steady, F. 1987. "African Feminism: A Worldwide Perspective", in Terborg-Penn, R., Harley, S. and Rushing, A. eds. Women in Africa and the African Diaspora. Washington , DC : Howard University Press.

Steady, F. Ed. 1981. The Black Woman Cross-Culturally. Rochester , VT : Schenkman Publishing Company.

Stylee IRJ and Ford-Smith H 1995 ‘An Experiment in Popular Theatre and Women's History' in Wieringa S (ed) Subversive Women: Women's Movements in Africa , Asia , Latin America and the Caribbean . New Delhi : Raj Press.

Tamale S. 1999. When Hens Begin To Crow: Parliamentary Politics in Uganda . Boulder : Westview Press

Tanzania Gender Networking Programme. 1993. Gender Profile of Tanzania . Dar es Salaam : Tanzania Gender Networking Programme.

Tarrow S, 1994. Power in Movement: Social Movements, Collective Action and Politics. Cambridge : Cambridge University Press.

Taylor V, 2000. Marketisation of Governance: Critical Perspectives from the South. Cape Town : DAWN

Terborg-Penn, R., Harley, S. and Benton Rushin, A. 1987. Women in Africa and the African Diaspora. Washington , DC : Howard University Press.

Tichagwa W. 1998. Beyond Inequalities: Women in Zimbabwe. Harare : SARDC/ZWRCN.

Whole SARDC series

Tripp A M, 2000. Women in Politics in Uganda. Oxford : James Currey

Tripp AM and Kwesiga JC 2002. The Women's Movement in Uganda : History, Challenges and Prospects. Kampala : Fountain Press

Tsikata D. 1999. Gender Equality and the State in Ghana : Some Issues of Policy and Practice. In Imam A et al. Engendering African Social Sciences. Senegal : CODESRIA

Tsikata E. 1989. Women's Political Organisations 1951 – 1987 in Hansen E & Ninsin K (eds) in The State and Development and Politics in Ghana. Senegal : CODESRIA

Tsolo G 1984 ‘ Azania ( South Africa ): My Experience in the National Liberation Struggle' in Mies M and Reddock R National Liberation and Women's Liberation: Institute of Social Studies .

Urdang S 1989 And Still they Dance: Women, War and the Struggle for Change in Mozambique. Monthly Review NY / Earthscan London.

Urdang, S (1984). “Women in contemporary national liberation movements.” In Hay, M.J and Stichter, S (eds.); African Women South of the Sahara . London : Longman. Pp: 156-169.

Vargas V 1995 ‘Women's Movement in Peru : Rebellion into Action' in Wieringa S (ed) Subversive Women: Women's Movements in Africa , Asia , Latin America and the Caribbean . New Delhi : Raj Press.

Walker C 1982 Women and Resistance in South Africa Onyx Press, London.

Walker, C. 1995. ”Conceptualising Motherhood in 20th Century South Africa ." Journal of Southern African Studies, 21, 3:417-437.

Wassef H and Wassef N. 2001. Daughters of the Nile : Photographs of The Egyptian Women's Movements 1900 – 1960. New York : American University Press.

Watson P. 1998. Determined to Act. Harare . WAG; Harare

Waylen G ‘Women and Democratisation:Conceptualising Gender Relations in Transition Politics' in Third World Politics, 46, pp: 327-354.

Wells JC 1993 We Now Demand: The History of Women's Resistance to Pass Laws in South Africa . Johannesburg : University of Witwatersrand Press.

Women and the Angolan Revolution" in Mary Ann Tetreault Ed., Women and Revolution in Africa , Asia , and the New World , pp. 89-108. Excerpts from Stephanie Urdang, Fighting Two Colonialisms: Women in Guinea-Bissau and Stephanie Urdang, And Still They Dance

Other Sources

Abdulhadi R 1998 “The Palestinian Women's Autonomous Movement: Emergence Dynamics and Challenges” in Gender and Society, 12 (6), pp: 649-674.

Agosin M 1987 “Metaphors of Female Political Ideology: the Cases of Chile and Argentina ” in Women's Studies International Forum, 10 (6), pp; 571- 577.

Alvares SE, Dagnino E and Escobar A 1998 Cultures of Politics/Politics of Cultures: Revisionary Latin American Movements. Coldarado: Westview.

Arnfred S, 2001. Questions of Power: Women's Movements, Feminist Theory and Development Aid in Sisak A (ed) Discussing Women's Empowerment. Stockholm : Sida Studies No 3

Autlette JR 1999 ‘New Roads to Resistance: Polish Feminists in in the Transition to Democracy' in Bystydzienski JM and Sekhon J (eds) Democratization and Women's Grassroots Movements. Indiana : Indiana University Press.

Banu LP 1984 ‘ Bangladesh : My Experience in the National Liberation Struggle' in Mies M and Reddock R National Liberation and Women's Liberation: Institute of Social Studies.

Barazangi NH 1999 ‘Self Identity as a Form of Democratization: The Syrian Experience' in Bystydzienski JM and Sekhon J (eds) Democratization and Women's Grassroots Movements. Indiana : Indiana University Press.

Basu A, 1992. Two Faces of Protest: Contrasting Modes of Women's Activism in India. Berkeley : University of California Press

Berger, I. 1992. Threads of Solidarity. Bloomington : Indiana University Press; London : James Currey.

Bozzoli, B. 1983. "Marxism, Feminism and Southern African Studies." Journal of Southern African Studies, 9, 2: 122-139.

Brush PS 1999 ‘The influence of Social Movements on Articulation of Race and Gender in Black Women's Autobiographies in Gender and Society, 13, 1, pp; 120-137.

Cagan E 1999 ‘Women and Grassroots Democaracy in El Salvadore' in Bystydzienski JM and Sekhon J (eds) Democratization and Women's Grassroots Movements. Indiana : Indiana University Press.

Datar C 1988 “Reflections on the Anti-Rape Campaign in Bombay ” in Wieringa S (ed) Women's Struggles and Strategies. Gower Press: London .

Eduards ML 1992 “Against the Rules of the Game: On the Importance of Women's Collective Actions” in Rethinking Change. HSFR, Uppsala.

Eisen, A 1984 Women and Revolution in Vietnam . London : Zed.

Ewig C 1999 “The Strengths and Limits of the NGO Women's Movement Model: Shaping Nicaragua's Democratic Institution” in Latin American Research Review, 34 (3), pp: 75-103.

First R 1984 ‘The National Liberation Struggle and Women in Yogoslavia' in Mies M and Reddock R National Liberation and Women's Liberation: Institute of Social Studies .

French J 1995 ‘Women and Colonial Policy in Jamaica after the 1938 Uprising' in Wieringa S (ed) Subversive Women: Women's Movements in Africa , Asia , Latin America and the Caribbean . New Delhi : Raj Press.

Gandhi N 1995 ‘Masses of women but where is the Movement? A Case Study of the Anti Price Rise Movement in Bombay 1972-1975' in Wieringa S (ed) Subversive Women: Women's Movements in Africa , Asia , Latin America and the Caribbean . New Delhi : Raj Press.

Ghandi N and Shah N, 1991. The issues at Stake: Theory and Practice in Contemporary Women's Movement in India . New Delhi : Kali for Women.

Gottlick JFB 1999 ‘From the Ground Up: Women's Organizations and Democratization in Russia ' in Bystydzienski JM and Sekhon J (eds) Democratization and Women's Grassroots Movements. Indiana : Indiana University Press.

Hellman J A, 1992. The study of new social movements in Latin America in Alvarez, S and Escobar A (ed) Latin America and the question of autonomy in The Making of Social Movement in Latin America Boulder CO: Westview

Hernandez MI 1984 ‘The National Liberation Struggle and Women in Nicaragua ' in Mies M and Reddock R National Liberation and Women's Liberation: Institute of Social Studies.

India Women's Program' in Bystydzienski JM and Sekhon J (eds) Democratization and Women's Grassroots Movements. Indiana : Indiana University Press.

ISIS International Women's Journal 1986 Women, Struggles and Strategies:Third World Perspectives, No 6.

Jackson C and Pearson R. 1998. Feminist Visions of Development. London : Routledge

Jaquette JS 1994 The Women's Movement in Latin America . Participation and Democracy. Boulder : Westview Press.

Jayawardena K 1986 “Feminism in Sri Lanka in the Decade, 1975 to 1985” in Women, Struggles and Strategies- Third World Perspectives, ISIS International Women's Journal, 6.

Jayawardena K 1986 Feminism and Nationalism in the Third World London : ZED

Kabeer N 1988 Subordination and Struggle: Women in Bangladesh.

Kandiyoti D, 1991. Women, Islam and the State. Philadelphia : Temple University Press

Kelkar G 1984 ‘Women in Post Liberation Societies: A Comparative Analysis of Indian and Chinese Experiences in Mies M and Reddock R National Liberation and Women's Liberation: Institute of Social Studies.

Kuttab ES 1993 “Palestinian Women in the Intifada: Fighting on Two Fronts” in Arab Studies Quarterly , 15 (2), pp: 69-86.

Lalita K “Women in Revolt: A Historical Analysis of the Progressive Organization of Women in Andhra Pradesh” in Wieringa S (ed) Women's Struggles and Strategies. London : Gower Press.

Liepins R 1999 Women in Agriculture: Action for More Democratic Australian Farm Politics' in Bystydzienski JM and Sekhon J (eds) Democratization and Women's Grassroots Movements. Indiana : Indiana University Press.

McKelvey C 1999 Feminist Organizations and Grassroots Democracy in Honduras in Bystydzienski JM and Sekhon J (eds) Democratization and Women's Grassroots Movements. Indiana : Indiana University Press.

Mies M 1981 “Marxist Socialism and Women's Emancipation: The Proletarian Women's Movement in Germany 1860-1919” in Feminism in Europe . The Hague : ISS.

Mies, M and Reddock R 1982 eds National Liberation and Women's Liberation, Institute of Social Studies, The Hague.

Mohanty C T, Russo A & Torres L 1991 Third World Women and the Politics of Feminism. Bloomington : Indiana University Press

Molyneux M 1985. “Mobilisation without emancipation? Women's interests, the sate and revolution in Nicaragua .” Feminist Issues, 11(2); pp: 227-253.

Molyneux M 1998 ‘Analysing Women's Movements' in Development and Change, 29 (2), pp219.

Morgan R 1984 Sisterhood is Global: The International Women's Movement Anthology. New York : Anchor Press.

Paul E 1993 “The Women's Movement and the Movement of Women” in Social Policy, 23 (4), pp: 44-51.

Pearson NK 1999 ‘Empowerment and Disempowerment of women in Central Appalachia, U.S.A.' in Bystydzienski JM and Sekhon J (eds) Democratization and Women's Grassroots Movements. Indiana : Indiana University Press.

Poonacha V 1999 “Exploring Differences: An Analysis of the Complexity and Diversity of the Contemporary Indian Women's Movements” in Australian Feminist Studies, 14 (29) pp: 120-138.

Qunta, C. 1987. Women in Southern Africa . New York : Schocken Books.

Rai S. 1996. Women and the State in the Third World : Some Issues for Debate in Rai S and Lievesley G (eds). Women and the State: International Perspectives. Taylor Francis: London .

Rajuili K and Burke I 1999 ‘Democratization through Adult Popular Education: A Reflection on the Resilience of Women from Kwa-Ndebele , South Africa ' in Bystydzienski JM and Sekhon J (eds) Democratization and Women's Grassroots Movements. Indiana : Indiana University Press.

Ranchod Nilsson S and Tetrault M, 2000. Women States , Nationalism: A Home in the Nation. London : Routledge.

Ray R. 1999. ‘Women's Movements in the Third World : Identity, Mobilisation and Autonomy' in Annual Review of Sociology, 25, pp:47-50.

Reddock R 1984 ‘Introduction: Women and National Liberation Struggles in Comparative Perspective' in Mies M and Reddock R National Liberation and Women's Liberation: Institute of Social Studies.

Reddock R 1995 ‘The Early Women's Movement in Trinidad and Tobago 1900-1937' in Wieringa S (ed) Subversive Women: Women's Movements in Africa, Asia, Latin America and the Caribbean. New Delhi : Raj Press.

Roderiquez L 1994 “Barriou: Between the Urban and the Feminist Movement” in Latin American Perspectives, 21 (3), pp: 32-49.

Rowbotham S, 1992. Women in Movement. New York : Routledge.

Selassie, T. In Search of Ethiopian Women. London : CHANGE International Reports, Women and Society.

Sen G and Crown C 1987 “Alternative Visions, Strategies and Struggles” in Sen G and Crown C (eds) Development, Crises and Alternative Visions: Third World Women's Perspectives. New York : New York Monthly Review Press.

Sethi R 1996 Contesting Identities: Involvement and Resistance of Women in the Indian National National Movement. In Journal of Gender Studies 46, 5 (3), pp: 305-316.

Shreir S and Harper FJ 1998 Women's Movements of the World: an International Directory and Reference Guide. Harlow : Longman.

Steistra D 1994 Women's Movements and International Organisayions. New York : St Martins Press.

Stone, E 1981 ed Women and the Cuban Revolution, Pathfinder Press, New York.

Stott L, 1989. Women and the Armed Struggle for Independence in Zimbabwe 1964 – 1979. Edinburgh : Centre for African Studies

Tarrow S, 1994. Power in Movement: Social Movements, Collective Action and Politics. Cambridge : Cambridge University Press.

Thiam, A. 1986. Speak Out, Black Sisters: Feminism and Oppression in Black Africa. London : Pluto Press.

Watson P. 1998. Determined to Act. Harare. WAG; Harare

Waylan G 1997 “Women's Movements, the State and Democratization in Chile : The Establishment of SERNAM” in Goetz A M (ed.) Getting Institutions Right for Women in Development. London Zed Books. (pp: 90-103).

Waylen G ‘Women and Democratisation:Conceptualising Gender Relations in Transition Politics' in Third World Politics, 46, pp: 327-354.

Waylen G 1993 “Women's Movements and Democratization in Latin America ” in Third World Quarterly, 14 (3), pp: 573- 588.

Waylen G 1995 ‘Women's Movements: the State and Democratization in Chile ' in IDS Bulletin, 26, 3, pp: 86.

Weiss ML 1999 ‘Democracy at the Margins: NGO's and Women's “unofficial” Political Participation in Singapore ' in Bystydzienski JM and Sekhon J (eds) Democratization and Women's Grassroots Movements. Indiana : Indiana University Press.

Wieringa S (ed) 1988 Women's Struggles and Strategies. Gower Press: London .

Wieringa S (ed) 1995 Subversive Women: Women's Movements in Africa , Asia , Latin America and the Caribbean . New Delhi : Raj Press.

Wieringa S 1985 “The Perfumed Nightmare: Indonesian Women's Organisations After 1950., ISS Working Paper, the Hague.

Wieringa S 1995 ‘Methods of Power: Epistemological and Methodological Aspects of a Feminist Research Project' in Wieringa S (ed) Subversive Women: Women's Movements in Africa, Asia, Latin America and the Caribbean. New Delhi : Raj Press.

Wieringa, S. Ed. 1995. Subversive Women: Women's Movements in Africa, Asia, Latin America and the Caribbean. London : Zed.

Yuval-Davis N 1997 Gender /Nation/ State

Films

Flame
Focus: Zimbabwe and Women's participation in the liberation struggle
85 minutes
Produced by Black & White Film Company. Directed by Ingrid Sinclair, 1999

You Have Struck a Rock
Focus: South Africa Women and Anti apartheid struggle
29 minutes
Produced by PBS, 1982

Kumekucha: From Sun Up
Focus: Tanzania, women and land
Produced and directed by Flora Mbugu-Schelling
Maryknoll World Video, 1987

Mama Awethu!
Focus: South Africa, anti-apartheid struggle, gender and class inequalities
58 minutes
Directed by Bethany Yarrow, EBY Production Inc, 1993

Some Women of Marrakech
Focus: gender division of labour, women's subordination, Islam
58 minutes
PBS, 1981

Side by Side: Women Against AIDS in Zimbabwe
Focus: Women's mobilisation around HIV/AIDS
47 minutes
A Villon Films-Harvey McKinnon Production in co-production with CIDA.

The Dream Becomes a Reality
Focus: Eritrean women's challenge to traditional gender roles and discrimination post 1991.
45 minutes
Produced by Eva Egensteiner

Organisational and Web Resources

Angola

Angolan Women's Organization
Rua Comandante Gika No. 199, P.O. Box 2582
Luanda
Angola
Tel: 320977
Fax: 324481

Organisation Pan Africaine des Femmes
Box 765 , Kuzaka
Luanda , Angola

Organizacao da Mulher Angolana
(Angola Women's Organisation)
Rua Commandante Cika No. 199
Luanda
People's Republic of Angola

Botswana

Emang Basadi Women's Association
Plot 1014, Boipelego Close, African Mall
Extension 2, Gabarone, Botswana
Postal address: Private Bag 00470
Gabarone, Botswana
Tel: (267) 309335/359424
Fax: (267) 309335

Egypt

New Woman Research Center
9D Orabi Street - 6th Floor - Mohandessin - Cairo
Egypt
Tel & Fax: 202-3048085

Alliance for Arab Women
28 Adly Street, Apt 74 - 75
Cairo , Egypt
Tel: (202) 3939899
Fax: (202) 393 6820
E-mail: aaw@link.com.eg or Hbadran@idsc.gov.eg

Ethiopia

The Centre for Research, Training and Information on Women in Development (CERTWID)
Institute of Development Research
Addis Ababa University
P.O. Box 1176,
Ethiopia
Tel: 12.32.30
Telex 21205

Federal Republic of Nigera

Women Living Under Muslim Laws International Solidarity Network - Africa and Middle East (WLUML-AME)
P.O. Box 73630
Victoria Island
Lagos
Nigeria
Tel: +234 1 617 134
Fax: +234 1 617 134
E-mail: Baobab@baobab.com.ng or ayesha@baobab.com.ng

Women's Research and Documentation Centre (WORDOC)
Institute of African Studies
University of Ibadan
Ibadan
Nigeria
Tel: +234 2 810 4077
Fax: +243 2 810 4077
E-mail: library@odeku.ui.edu.ng

Women in Nigeria
38 Mount Aion Road
P.O.Box 4263
Calabar, Cross River State
Nigeria
Tel: 224228
Fax: 220143

Kenya

FEMNET
www.femnet.or.ke

Mali

Coordination Des Associations Et ONG Feminines Du Mali (CAFO)
Trame Afaussata Thiero Ecretane
B.P. E810
Bamako
Mali
Tel: 223 22 76 35

Mozambique

Women's Forum - Coordination For Women In Development (Fulher Mulher)
C.P. 3632
Maputo
Mozambique
Tel: (258-1) 49347
Fax: (258-1) 493137

Namibia

Sister Namibia Collective (SNC)
P.O. Box 60100
Windhoek , Namibia P.C. 9000
Telephone (061) 36371

Women Solidarity
CCN Complex, Mashago St.
P.O. Box 23941
Katutura, Windhoek, Namibia
Telex (061) 217621 (CCN) 43002

Zambia

National Women's Lobby Group
P.O. Box 37879, 2nd Floor/Fintex House,
Dar-es-Salaam Place, off Cairo Road
Lusaka
Zambia
Tel: (26-1) 221236
Fax: (26-1) 224033

Women For Change
P.O. Box 33102
Lusaka
Zambia
Tel: (260-1) 224 309
Fax: (260-1) 224 296

Zambia Association For Research And Development
P.O. Box 37836
Lusaka
Zambia
1st Floor, Design House
Dar-es-Salaam Place
Cairo Road, Lusaka
Zambia
Tel: +260 1 692 601 or +260 1 222 883
Fax: +260 1 629 601
E-mail zard@zamnet.zm

Zimbabwe

Association Of Women's Clubs (AWC) Of Zimbabwe
11 Kent Avenue, Avondale, Harare .
Tel: (263-4) 304471/2
E-mail: sekaiholland@mango.zw

Federation Of African Media Women (FAMWZ)
1st Floor Katenga House, 19 Selous Avenue, Harare, Zimbabwe
Tel (263-4) 738893/4

Jekesa Pfungwa/Vulingqondo
44 Logan Road, Hatfield, Harare, Zimbabwe
Tel (263-4) 570846

Musasa Project
Physical: 64 Selous Ave, Harare
Postal: P.O. Box A712, Avondale, Harare, Zimbabwe
Tel (263-4) 734381

Women's Action Group
Physical: 11 Lincoln Rd , Avondale, Harare
Postal: P.O. Box 135 , Harare , Zimbabwe
Tel and Fax: (263-4) 339161

Women & Aids Support Network (WASN)
Physical: 21 Van Praagh Ave, Milton Park, Harare
Postal: P.O.Box 1554 , Harare , Zimbawe.
Tel (263-4) 781532/3, 772926

Zimbabwe Women's Resource Centre & Network (ZWRCN)
Physical: 288 Herbert Chitepo Avenue cnr 7th Street, Harare
Postal: P.O. Box 2192, Harare, Zimbabwe
Tel (263-4) 737 435
Fax (263-4) 720 331
E-mail: zwrcn@zwrcn.org.zw

Senegal

Association Of African Women For Research And Development (AAWORD)
The Executive Secretary
Avenue Cheikh Anta Diop, Angle Canal IV, BP 3304
Dakar
Senegal
Tel: (221) 25 98 22/3
Fax: (221) 24 12 89

Association of African Women for Research and Development
BP.15367, Dakar-Fann, Senegal
Tel.:(221) 824-20-53
Fax:(221) 824-20-56
Email: aaword@telecomplus.sn

South Africa

Women's Health Project
Third Floor, Spencer Lister Building
P.O. Box 1038
South African Institute for Medical Research
University of the Witwatersrand
Box 1038, Johannesburg, 2000
South Africa
tel: +27 11 489 9925/17/05
fax: +27 11 489 9922
E-mail: womenhp@sn.apc.org or womenhp@wn.acp.org
URL: http://www.womensnet.org.za/health/whppam.htm

Women'sNet
SANGONeT
13th Floor, Longsbank Building
187 Bree Street, Johannesburg, 2000
or P O Box 31 Johannesburg 2000
South Africa
Tel: +27 011 838 6943/4
Fax: +27 011 492 1058
email: women@wn.apc.org
URL: http://www.womensnet.org.za

Tshwaranang Legal Advocacy Centre to end violence against women
PO Box 31006
Braamfontein 2017 South Africa
Tel: +27 011 403 4267/70 or 4038230
Email: naomi@wn.apc.org

Women's National Coalition
P.O. Box 62319 , Marshalltown 2107
Johannesburg
South Africa
Tel: (011) 331 5958/9
Fax: (011) 331 5957

Agenda
PO Box 18983
Dalbridge
4014 South Africa
Tel: +27 31 224184/5/6
Fax: +27 31 223930
E-mail: director@agenda.org.za or editor@agenda.org.za or subs@agenda.org.za
URL: http://www.oneworld.org/agenda

Masimanyane Women's Support Centre
17 Porter Street
5201 East London
South Africa
Tel: +27 431 439 169
Fax: +27 431 439 176
E-mail: maswsc@iafrica.com
URL: http://www.womensnet.org.za/pvaw/organisations/masimanyane.htm

Gender Advocacy Programme
7th Floor, Ruskin House, Roeland St
Cape Town , 8001
Tel. ++021-4650197
Fax. ++021-4650089
e-mail: genap@sn.apc.org
web: http://www.gender.co.za

Flamme - African Sisters Online
http://flamme.org/

APC Women's Networking Support Programme
http://www.apcwomen.org/